Effect of Water Table Fluctuation on Barometric Pumping in Soil Unsaturated Zone.

An analytical one-dimensional model for vertical transmission of barometric pressure in soil unsaturated zone has been developed to examine the effect of free boundary caused by water table. The model is applicable to a special case in which the water table moves in according to the pressure with high barometric efficiency. Ambient sinusoidal pressure fluctuation is assumed at the soil surface. The model with the numerical simulations results for an unsaturated zone with typical soil settings show a significant difference between the simulated pressure amplitudes for the case in which the water table is considered as a free boundary and the case in which the water table is considered as a fixed boundary. Maximum difference occurs at the water table. This result suggests the consideration of water table as a free boundary for cases in which the barometric efficiency of water table is relatively high

Self-esteem, body-esteem, emotional intelligence, and social anxiety in a college sample: the moderating role of weight

To examine the relationships between self-esteem, body-esteem, emotional intelligence, and social anxiety, as well as to examine the moderating role of weight between exogenous variables and social anxiety, 520 university students completed the self-report measures. Structural equation modeling revealed that individuals with low self-esteem, body-esteem, and emotional intelligence were more likely to report social anxiety. The findings indicated that obese and overweight individuals with low body-esteem, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem had higher social anxiety than others. Our results highlight the roles of body-esteem, self-esteem, and emotional intelligence as influencing factors for reducing social anxiety

Distributed Agents for Web Content Filtering

This paper describe Web Content Filtering that aimed to block out offensive material by using DistributedAgents. The proposed system using FCM algorithm and other page's features (Title, Metadata , Warning Message) to classifythe websites (using as candidate) into two types:- white that considered acceptable, and black that contain harmful materialtaking the English Pornographic websites as a case study

Analysis and Evaluation of Different Compensation Techniques for Fiber Losses

تعتبر التأثيرات الخطية وغير الخطية في الألياف الضوئية من العوامل المهمة جدًا والمؤثرة التي تؤثر على قوة الإشارة المنقولة داخل الألياف الضوئية. في هذا البحث تم عرض النموذج الرياضي لهذه التأثيرات. كما تم استعراض أهم الطرق المستخدمة لتعويض هذه الخسائر. تتضمن طرق التعويض التي تمت مراجعتها تأثيرات خطية وغير خطية متنوعة ، حيث ركزت معظم الطرق التي تمت مراجعتها على زيادة طول الألياف الضوئية لنقل الإشارة بأقل طاقة مستهلكة ومعدل نقل بيانات مرتفع بتكلفة تصميم منخفضة.The Linear and nonlinear effects in optical fibers are very important and influential factors that effect on the power of the signal transmitted within the optical fiber. In this paper, the mathematical model for these effects was presented. The most important methods used to compensate these losses were also reviewed. The compensation methods reviewed include various linear and nonlinear effects most of the methods reviewed focused on increasing the length of the optical fiber to transmit the signal with the least consumed power and high data transfer rate at low design cos

BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES OF CALLUS GROWTH AND LYCOPENE PIGMENT PRODUCTION FROM TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) UNDER DROUGHT STRESS

This experiment was conducted in faculty of Science labs, Kufa University, carried out during 2015 to applied methods for extraction, purification and Quantitative of Lycopene red pigments, from callus tissue and tomato fruits mother plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill).This study include of three parts, Firstly; Tomato seeds(Supper queen) hybrid were germinated in free MS medium and callus induction from shoot tip (3cmpieces) by using MS medium supplemented with Dichlorophenoxiactic acid (2,4-D) at different concentration (0.5,1, 1.5mg/l)with benzyl adenine (BA) at concentration of (0.3 mg/l). Secondly; identically callus fresh weight re-cultured in the same MS medium supplemented with high molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as selective agent at level of (5,10,15 and 25%). Thirdly; comparisons study were made between in vitro and in vivo grown plant. Powder of control lycopene used as standard solution. The content of lycopene was done by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and compare of the quantitatively of lycopene with these content in fruits of mother plant, and callus tissue. Also, include alcohol extraction of Lycopene from tomato fruit by using acetone and hexane mixture. The result showed significant increased (P< 0.05) of lycopene production and the superiority of lycopene content in callus than the content in fruits of mother plant. Antioxidant enzymes activity like Catalase (CAT),Guaiacol peroxidise (POX) and Superoxide dismutase(SOD) were high in callus under drought stress than in fruit of mother plant. However, Proline and total sugar content were at higher levels in callus under drought stress than in fruit of mother plant

Natural Transport of Volatile Organic Compounds Due to Annual Variation of Soil Temperature

A theoretical investigation of factors affecting gas phase transport of volatile organic compounds in unsaturated zone is presented. Studying annual soil temperature variation with time and depth declares that there is a considerable temperature variation in the upper few meters that may affect the overall natural mass transport of volatile organic compounds. A one-dimensional mathematical model is used to study the effect of soil temperature variation on diffusive mass transport. From the analytical solution, it is clear that there is a significant net mass transport upward direction and a stimulated spatial oscillation of contaminant concentration in soil. The magnitude of these two modes of mass transport is higher as the contaminant is more volatile

Improving the Performance of Constructed Wetland Microbial Fuel Cell (CW- MFC) for Wastewater Treatment and Electricity Generation

ركزت هذه الدراسة على إداء المسطحات المائية الصناعية المدمجة مع خلية الوقود المايكروبية في معالجة المياه الملوثة وتوليد الطاقة الكهربائية. في هذه الدراسة تم استخدام نوعين من الاقطاب; الفولاذ المقاوم للصدأ و كَرافيت. تم تنظيم الاقطاب الكهربائية في ثلاثة مجاميع. في التنظيم الأول القطبين الموجب والسالب كانا عبارة عن صفيحة من الكَرافيت، في التنظيم الثاني القطب السالب كان عبارة عن صفيحة مشبكة من الفولاذ المقاوم للصدأ أما القطب الموجب فكان عبارة عن صفيحتين من الفولاذ المقاوم للصدأ. أما في التنظيم الثالث فالقطب السالب كان عبارة عن صفيحة مشبكة من الفولاذ المقاوم للصدأ في حين القطب الموجب كان عبارة عن صفيحة من الكَرافيت. ان أعلى طاقة تم الحصول عليها هي (9 Mw/m3) كانت من التنظيم الثالث. بعد مرور 10 أيام من بدء التشغيل، كانت افضل نسبة لإزالة المتطلب الكيمائي للأوكسجين (COD) كانت 70% وقد تم الحصول عليها من التنظيم الثاني. إن تأثير درجة الحرارة قد تمت دراسته ايضاً، حيث تم إختبار توليد الطاقة الكهربائية من التنظيم الثالث في درجات حرارة 30،35 و40 درجة مئوية وإن أفضل نتيجة ((80 Ma/m3 كانت في درجة حرارة 40 درجة مئوية. في هذه الأنظمة الثلاثة تم السماح للطحالب بالنمو حتى تزود هذه الأنظمة بالأوكسجين اللازم لعملية الاختزال.The current study deals with the performance of constructed wetland (CW) incorporating a microbial fuel cell (MFC) for wastewater treatment and electricity generation. The whole unit is referred to as CW-MFC. This technique involves two treatments; the first is an aerobic treatment which occurs in the upper layer of the system (cathode section) and the second is anaerobic biological treatment in the lower layer of the system (anode section). Two types of electrode material were tested; stainless steel and graphite. Three configurations for electrodes arrangement CW-MFC were used. In the first unit of CW-MFC, the anode was graphite plate (GPa) and cathode was also graphite plate (GPc), in the second CW-MFC unit, the anode was stainless steel mesh (SSMa) and the cathode was a couple of stainless steel plain (SSPc). The anode in the third CW-MFC unit was stainless steel mesh (SSMa) and the cathode was graphite plate (GPc). It was found that the maximum performance for electricity generation (9 mW/m3) was obtained in the unit with stainless steel mesh as anode and graphite plate as cathode. After 10 days of operation, the best result for COD removal (70%) was obtained in the unit with stainless steel mesh as anode and stainless steel plain as cathode. The effect of temperature was also investigated. The performance of unit operation for electricity generation was tested at three values of temperature; 30, 35 and 40oC. The best result was obtained at 40oC, at which the current density obtained was 80 mA/m3. A culture of Algae could grow in the unit in order to supply the cathodic region with oxygen

Predicting NOM Removal by Fixed-Bed GAC Adsorbers

Natural Organic Matter (NOM) normally exists in raw surface water as a complex mixture of organic compounds, mainly humic acids and fulvic acids. In water treatment plants, free chlorine reacts with NOM and forms a wide range of substances known as Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs). Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) adsorption is one of the best available technologies employed for the removal of NOM. A mathematical model for the adsorption of NOM onto GAC in a fixed bed column and in a batch reactor was built. The mathematical model was solved numerically using finite element and orthogonal collocation methods. Experiments were conducted using Rapid Small Scale Column Test (RSSCT) to evaluate the performance of GAC column to remove or reduce the concentration of NOM in raw water. The predicted values from the mathematical model showed very good agreement with the experimental measurements for a range of empty bed contact time, GAC particle size and raw water pH. Most of the mathematical model parameters were determined experimentally in adsorption equilibrium isotherm and batch reactor experiments

Strategic Change in Operating Trends of Public Listed Companies and Its Impact on StockMarket Growth

The primary concern of the present study is to examine the impact of cross-listing on the stock market growth. The theoretical framework for the research was developed by taking the members of the World Federation of Exchanges (WFE) as statistical frame. For analysis and statistical calculations in the study a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique is used. The results suggest a significant and positive impact of cross-listing on stock market growth indicators except on the value of share trading. The study concludes that cross-listing is fruitful for stock market growth of host stock exchanges. It recommends that host countries should create conducive environment for offshore listing. Keywords: Cross-listing, Domestic Listing, Market Capitalisation, Equity Shares and Stock Inde

Photosynthetic Microbial Desalination Cell to Treat Oily Wastewater Using Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris

Microbial desalination cell (MDC) offers a new and sustainable approach to desalinate saltwater by directly utilizing the electrical power generated by bacteria during organic matter oxidation. In this study, we used microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris in the cathode chamber to produce oxygen as an electron accepter by photosynthesis process for generate bioelectricity power and treat oil refinery wastewater by microorganisms in both anode and cathode.The power density generated by this Photosynthetic Microbial Desalination Cell (PMDC) with 1KΩ external resistance at the first 4th hr. of operation period was 0.678 W/m3 of anode volume and 0.63 W/m3 of cathode volume. It increased after one day to a peak value of (4.32 W/m3 of anode volume and 4.013 W/m3 of cathode volume). The microalgae growth in the biocathode chamber followed in terms of optical density. The optical density increased from 0.546 at the beginning of the system operation to 1.71 after 24 days of operation period. The percentage removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of oil refinery wastewater was 97.33% and 79.22% in anode and cathode chamber, respectively. The microalgae in the biocathode were able to remove volatile compounds causing odor from the influent wastewater. TDS removal rate 159.722 ppm/h with initial TDS in desalination chamber of 35000 ppm